Hanyar hakar tsire-tsire na halitta
Wannan hanya galibi tana amfani da ganyen shuka na jinsin Ursi azaman albarkatun ƙasa, kuma yana amfani da hakar sauran ƙarfi, hakar, chromatography shafi da sauran hanyoyin rabuwa da tsarkakewa don samun.arbutin cire. A farkon 1930, an ruwaito cewaarbutin yana kunshe ne a cikin ganyen kabejin dutse. Binciken da aka yi a baya ya tabbatar da cewa ana samun arbutin a cikin ganyen bakar shinkafa, bilberry, bearberry da bishiyar pear. glycosides.
Tun da abun ciki na arbutin a cikin tsire-tsire yana da ƙasa sosai, tsarin hakar yana da ɗan rikitarwa, kuma tsabtataccen tsattsauran ra'ayi ba shi da yawa, don haka tare da haɓaka wasu hanyoyin shirye-shiryen, hanyar cire tsire-tsire ta sannu a hankali ta rasa fa'ida ta gasa.
Al'adun nama na shuka
Hanyar al'adun nama na shuka yana amfani da ikon glycosylation na ƙwayoyin shuka don canza hydroquinone zuwa arbutin. Idan aka kwatanta da hanyoyin fitar da tsire-tsire, ingancin samun arbutin ta amfani da hanyoyin al'adun nama na shuka ya fi girma. Lokacin amfani da wannan hanyar, zabar ingantaccen matsakaicin al'adun nama na shuka da ƙayyade yanayin al'adun da suka dace shine mabuɗin.
T shi albarkatun kasa da ake amfani da su a cikin hanyar al'adun nama na shuka suna da tsabta, yawan juzu'i yana da yawa, kuma samarwa ba shi da gurɓatacce. Koyaya, sake zagayowar samarwa yana da tsayi, rabuwa da tsarkakewa yana da rikitarwa, kuma ci gaban masana'antu ba shi da girma. Ƙarin fahimtar tsarin haɓakar ƙwayoyin tsire-tsire, bayyana mahimman abubuwan da ke tasiri na tsarin haɗin gwiwar, rage tsarin samarwa, da inganta yawan amfanin ƙasa sune mahimman batutuwan da ke buƙatar warwarewa a cikin aikace-aikacen wannan hanya.
Hanyar haɗin enzyme
Hanyar haɗakarwar enzyme galibi tana amfani da glycosyltransferase ko glycosidase a matsayin mai haɓakawa don haɓaka canjin glycosyl da juyar da halayen hydrolysis don haɗa glycosides, wato, ana samun arbutin daga hydroquinone da glucose a ƙarƙashin catalysis na glycosidase.
Hanyar haɓakar enzyme tana da tsari mai sauƙi, haɓakar ƙira mai yawa, da kyakkyawan fata na ci gaba. Tare da zurfafa bincike kan wannan hanya a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, an gano ƙarin abubuwan da suka dace da zymogens, kuma yawan haɗin arbutin yana karuwa kuma yana karuwa. An yi imanin cewa wannan hanya za ta kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan hanyoyin bincike don haɗakar da arbutin a nan gaba. daya.
Haɗin sunadarai
Gabaɗaya, haɗin sinadarai na arbutin yana amfani da glucose da hydroquinone azaman albarkatun ƙasa. Bayan an kiyaye su biyun yadda ya kamata, suna shan maganin glycosidation sannan su cire rukunin kariya. Hanyar hada sinadarai ta zama hanya mafi mahimmanci don shirya arbutin saboda fa'idarsa na ingantacciyar ingancin samfuran roba da ƙarancin farashin samarwa, kuma ta sami nasarar samar da masana'antu a gida da waje.
A halin yanzu, a kasar Sin, ana amfani da glucose mai anhydrous gabaɗaya azaman albarkatun ƙasa, kumab -arbutin yana samuwa ta hanyar kariya ta acylation, catalytic condensation, da alkaline hydrolysis. Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da haɓaka fasahar haɗin gwiwa, a cikin 'yan shekarun nan, matakai na haɗin gida na arbutin sun kasance a hankali a hankali, an ci gaba da haɓaka ƙimar ƙira, kuma ingancin ya kai matakin ci gaba na duniya. Koyaya, saboda ƙarancin stereoselectivity na samfur a cikin haɗin sinadarai, ana buƙatar ƙarin bincike mai zurfi don nemo ingantaccen kuma takamaiman hanyar haɗa sinadarai don shiryawa.a-arbutin.
Amincin arbutin
Saboda hydroquinone yana da tasirin hana tyrosinase, an yi amfani dashi a farkon anti-freckle da whitening kayan shafawa don rage launin fata. Daga baya binciken ya gano cewa hydroquinone yana da haɗarin haifar da ochronosis da vitiligo na waje, da kuma hankali da kuma carcinogenesis. Hatsari mai yuwuwa, an jera shi azaman haramtaccen bangaren kayan shafawa a cikin ƙasata. Arbutin kuma mai hana tyrosinase ne kuma mai maye gurbin hydroquinone. A ƙarƙashin yanayi kamar ƙananan ƙimar pH, babban zafin jiki, da iska mai guba, arbutin na iya canzawa zuwa hydroquinone a ƙarƙashin aikin ƙwayoyin cuta na fata ko glucosidase, yana haifar da haɗarin haɗari na hankali, genotoxicity, ko carcinogenesis. Sabili da haka, binciken aminci na arbutin koyaushe yana jan hankalin masana'antu.
A cikin Fabrairu 2023, SCCS ya ba da ra'ayinsa na ƙarshe game da amincina-arbutin dab-arbutin a cikin kayan shafawa (SCCS/1642/22), tare da ƙarshe
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